The Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming industries worldwide, and healthcare is no exception. Among the most significant developments is the integration of IoT into nurse call systems, particularly within elderly care and assisted living environments. Once basic tools for summoning help, nurse call systems have evolved into intelligent, connected platforms that offer real-time communication, predictive alerts, and personalised care solutions. At the heart of this transformation lies IoT, connecting people, devices, and data to improve outcomes and create safer, more responsive care environments.
Understanding IoT in the Context of Healthcare
The Internet of Things refers to a network of interconnected devices that can collect, send, and act upon data without direct human input. In healthcare, IoT devices encompass a range of devices, including sensors, wearables, medical monitors, smart beds, door contacts, and environmental controls. When integrated into nurse call systems, these devices enable proactive and predictive care, which is crucial in elderly and residential settings where safety and rapid response are paramount.
Traditional vs IoT-Enabled Nurse Call Systems
Historically, nurse call systems relied on static mechanisms such as wall-mounted buttons or pull cords. While effective in allowing patients or residents to alert staff, they offered limited information, usually just the location of the call. Staff still needed to attend to the resident physically to understand the nature or severity of the need.
In contrast, IoT-enabled nurse call systems deliver contextual, real-time information. When a resident presses a call button, the system might also display their current activity, recent health data, or location. Furthermore, many calls are now generated automatically by IoT devices, eliminating the need for residents to seek help themselves.
Ways IoT Enhances Nurse Call Systems
1. Real-Time Monitoring and Alerts
IoT devices continuously monitor a resident’s environment and well-being. For example, bed exit sensors can detect when a resident gets up unexpectedly during the night. If the system predicts a risk of falling, it sends an immediate alert to staff. This allows caregivers to intervene proactively, preventing accidents before they happen.
2. Wearable Devices for Safety and Mobility
Smart pendants and wristbands are wearable IoT devices that allow residents to call for assistance from anywhere within the facility. Many are also equipped with GPS or indoor positioning technology, which helps staff locate the resident quickly. Some devices include biometric sensors that track heart rate, oxygen levels, or temperature, offering early warnings of health deterioration.
3. Predictive Analytics for Personalised Care
IoT platforms collect vast amounts of data over time. By analysing this information, care teams can detect patterns and predict future needs. For instance, a resident who frequently gets up during the night may be showing signs of restlessness or cognitive decline. These insights enable the development of more tailored care plans, earlier interventions, and more efficient staff allocation.
4. Integration with Building Management Systems
IoT-enabled nurse call systems can also link with building infrastructure. Smart lighting, heating, or door access can be adjusted based on a resident’s behaviour. For example, when a resident leaves their bed at night, lights may switch on automatically, reducing the risk of falls. Similarly, exit door sensors can alert staff if a vulnerable resident is at risk of wandering.
Improved Staff Efficiency and Workflows
By automating many routine tasks and alert processes, IoT reduces the cognitive load on care teams. Instead of manually checking on residents, staff are alerted only when action is required. This ensures quicker response times, fewer missed incidents, and more focused, person-centred care.
IoT also enables remote access and mobile alerts. Caregivers can receive calls, updates, and reports on handheld devices wherever they are in the facility, improving communication and coordination across shifts.
Data Logging, Auditing, and Compliance
One of the often-overlooked benefits of IoT is comprehensive data capture. Every action—from a call placed to a response time logged—is automatically recorded. This creates a robust audit trail that can be used to:
- Demonstrate regulatory compliance (e.g. with CQC standards)
- Investigate incidents thoroughly
- Provide transparency to families and stakeholders
- Continuously improve the quality of care
Challenges and Considerations
While the benefits are vast, implementing IoT in nurse call systems is not without challenges. Concerns around data privacy, cybersecurity, and system integration must be carefully managed. Additionally, staff training is essential to ensure technology is used effectively and does not replace the human touch that defines compassionate care.